Map of Philosophers

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Western Philosophers
Keywords: Philosophy, Philosophie, Filosofia, philosophers, Philosophen, philosophes, filosofi.

Philosophers born before 1900.

Colours indicate the language (prevalently) used by the philosopher:
Deep blue - Greek
Red - Latin
Green - Italian
Light blue - German
Yellow - French
Purple - English
Violet - Other
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Created on Jan 22, 2008 · By Dario · Updated Mar 1, 2009
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Thales
Miletus / Milâs 620-550 * Classical Philosophy

Anaximander
Miletus / Milâs 610-550

Anaximenes
Miletus / Milâs 580-520

Pythagoras
Samos 570-490

Heraclitus
Ephesus / Selçuk 550-480

Parmenides
Elea / Velia (Ascea) 515-450

Anaxagoras
Clazomenae / Kilizman (Izmir) 496-428

Zeno
Elea / Velia (Ascea) 495-430

Empedocles
Akragas / Agrigento 492-430

Protagoras
Abdera 490-410

Gorgias
Lentini 485-379

Socrates
Athens 469-399

Democritus
Abdera 460-370

Plato
Athens 428-347

Diogenes
Sinop 412-323

Aristoteles
Stagira 384-322

Pyrrho
Elis 365-275

Epicurus
Samos 341-271

Zeno
Citium 333-263

Chrysippus
Soli / Çukurova 281-108

Cicero
Arpino 106-43

Seneca
Cordoba 4 BC-65 AD

Epictetus
Hierapolis / Pamukkale 50-138

Marcus Aurelius
Rome 121-180

Plotinus
Lycopolis 205-270

Augustine
Tagaste / Souk Ahras 354-430

Scotus Eriugena
Ireland 810-877 * Medieval Philosophy

Avicenna
Bukhara 980-1037 Wrote in Arabic.

Anselm
Aosta 1033-1109

Abelard
Pallett 1079-1142

Averroes
Cordoba 1126-1198 Wrote in Arabic.

Maimonides
Cordoba 1138-1204 Wrote in Arabic.

Roger Bacon
Ilminster 1212-1292

Thomas
Roccasecca (Aquino) 1225-1274

Duns Scoto
Duns 1266-1308

William
Ockham 1290-1349

Nicholas
Kues 1401-1464 * Renaissance Philosophy

Ficino
Figline Valdarno 1433-1499

Pico
Mirandola 1463-1494

Erasmus
Rotterdam 1466-1536

Machiavelli
San Casciano 1467-1527

More
London 1478-1535

Luther
Eisleben 1483-1546

Telesio
Cosenza 1509-1588

Montaigne
Bordeaux 1533-1592

Bruno
Nola 1548-1600

Francis Bacon
London 1561-1626

Galilei
Pisa 1564-1642

Campanella
Stignano 1568-1639

Hobbes
Malmesbury 1588-1679 * Modern Philosophy

Descartes
Descartes 1596-1650

Pascal
Clermont-Ferrand 1623-1662

Spinoza
Amsterdam 1632-1677

Malebranche
Paris 1638-1715

Leibniz
Leipzig 1646-1716 Wrote also in Latin.

Vico
Naples 1668-1744

Locke
Wrington 1672-1704

Berkeley
Dysert 1685-1753

Montesquieu
La Brède (Gironde) 1689-1755

Voltaire
Paris 1694-1778

Hume
Edinburgh 1711-1776

Rousseau
Geneva 1712-1778

Diderot
Langres 1713-1784

Condillac
Grenoble 1715-1780

Kant
Koenisberg / Kaliningrad 1724-1804

Fichte
Rammenau 1762-1814 * Nineteenth century Philosophy

Hegel
Stuttgart 1770-1831

Schelling
Leonberg 1775-1854

Schopenhauer
Danzig / Gdansk 1788-1860

Comte
Montpellier 1798-1857

Feuerbach
Landshut 1804-1872

Mill
London 1806-1873

Proudhon
Besançon 1809-1865

Kierkegaard
Copenaghen 1813-1855 Wrote in Danish.

Marx
Trier 1818-1883

Engels
Barmen 1820-1895

Spencer
Derby 1820-1903

Peirce
Cambridge (MA) 1839-1914

James
New York 1842-1910

Nietzche
Röcken 1844-1900

Frege
Wismar 1848-1925 * Contemporary Philosophy

Freud
Freiberg in Mähren / Příbor 1856-1939

Husserl
Prossnitz / Prostějov 1859-1938

Bergson
Paris 1859-1941

Dewey
Burlington (VT) 1859-1952

Croce
Pescasseroli 1866-1952

Russell
Ravenscroft (Cleddon Hall) 1872-1970

Wittgenstein
Wien 1889-1951

Heidegger
Meßkirch 1889-1976

Gramsci
Ales 1891-1937

Carnap
Ronsdorf 1891-1970 Wrote also in English.

Gadamer
Marburg 1898-1979

Marcuse
Berlin 1898-1979

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher known for his pessimism and philosophical clarity. At age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation, On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which examined the four separate manifestations of reason in the phenomenal world.

Schopenhauer's most influential work, The World as Will and Representation, claimed that the world is fundamentally what we recognize in ourselves as our will. His analysis of will led him to the conclusion that emotional, physical, and sexual desires can never be fulfilled. Consequently, he eloquently described a lifestyle of negating desires, similar to the ascetic teachings of Vedanta, Buddhism, Taoism and the Church Fathers of early Christianity.^[2]

Schopenhauer's metaphysical analysis of will, his views on human motivation and desire, and his aphoristic writing style influenced many well-known thinkers including Friedrich Nietzsche,^[3] Richard Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Erwin Schrödinger, Albert Einstein,^[4] Sigmund Freud, Otto Rank, Carl Gustav Jung, Leo Tolstoy, and Jorge Luis Borges.

The Buttered Cat Thought Experiment

Thought experiments

Some people jokingly maintain that the experiment will produce an anti-gravity effect. They propose that as the cat falls towards the ground, it will slow down and start to rotate, eventually reaching a steady state of hovering a short distance from the ground while rotating at high speed as both the buttered side of the toast and the cat’s feet attempt to land on the ground.^[3] In June 2003, Kimberly Miner won a Student Academy Award for her film Perpetual Motion.^[4] Miner based her film on a paper written by a high-school friend that explored the potential implications of the cat and buttered toast idea.^[5][6]

World Religious Population

When Nietzsche declared “God is dead” he meant that Judeo- Christianity has been lost as a guiding force in our lives and there is nothing to replace it. Science pushed God off to the sidelines and took over the reigns yet I believe there is still a strong religious contingent still at work out there. With approximately 6.8 billion people on the planet approximately 6 billion are of some faith that is about 90% of the planet! World Religions
Four largest religions	Adherents	% of World Population
World Population	6.8 billion
Christianity	1.9 billion - 2.1 billion	29% - 32%
Islam	1.3 billion - 1.57 billion	19% - 21%
Hinduism	800 million - 900 million	14% - 20%
Buddhism	500 million - 1 billion	7% - 19%
Total	4.65 billion - 6.17 billion	68.38% - 90.73%

Adherents.com estimates

Adherents.com says "Sizes shown are approximate estimates, and are here mainly for the purpose of ordering the groups, not providing a definitive number."^[1]

Religion	Adherents
Christianity	2.1 billion
Islam	1.5 billion
Irreligious/agnostic/atheism	1.1 billion
Hinduism	900 million
Chinese traditional religion	394 million
Buddhism	376 million
Animist religions	300 million
African traditional/diasporic religions	100 million
Sikhism	23 million
Juche	19 million
Spiritism	15 million
Judaism	14 million
Baha'i	7 million
Jainism	4.2 million
Shinto	4 million
Cao Dai	4 million
Zoroastrianism	2.6 million
Tenrikyo	2 million
Neo-Paganism	1 million
Unitarian Universalism	800,000
Rastafari Movement	600,000